Cytoplasmic male sterility article about cytoplasmic. Cms is associated with mitochondrial dna mutation, novel chimeric open reading frames orfs, and rearrangement of coding and noncoding regions of the mitochondrial genome. The use of cytoplasmic malesterility in hybrid seed production the practical utilization of heterosis in crop plants has been greatly facilitated during the past 15 years by the use of cytoplasmic malesterility for lowcost, largescale emasculation of the seed parents of hybrids. Characterization of genes and proteins related to male sterility aims to understand how and why the male sterility occurs.
Hybrid rice cultivation area is steadily expanding around the world, especially in southern asia. Rice with ldtype cytoplasmic male sterility cms possesses the cytoplasm of lead rice and its fertility is recovered by a nuclear fertility restorer gene rf1. The method is now being used in commercial production of. Comparative analysis of circular rnas between soybean. Cytoplasmic male sterility in russian dandelion in. Especially elite indica cultivars ir24 and ir64 are known to be restorer lines for wacms lines, and are used as male parents for hybrid seed. Expression of orf79 in cms lines and transgenic rice plants caused gametophytic male sterility. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found. Mapping fertilityrestoring genes of rice wa cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna silencing w zhonghua wang,a,1 yanjiao zou,a,1 xiaoyu li,a,2 qunyu zhang,a 2 letian chen,a hao wu,a dihua su,a.
Dec 22, 2015 cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known. Two backcross inbred line bil populations derived from either xieqingzao b xbxbdongxiang wild rice dwr xxd or xbdwrxb xdx were used to detect quantitative trait loci qtls for fertility restoration of dwarf wild abortive da. In this study, we found that ldcytoplasm contained a. Construction of chimeric orf220 gene, transformation into wild type stem mustard and its sublocalization in mitochondria. Cytoplasmic male sterility can be restored by the restorer of fertility rf gene in the nucleus. Natural suppressors of cms, called restorers of fertility rf, are found in the nucleus and have the ability to restore the production of pollen to plants carrying the deleterious mitochondrial cmsassociated gene. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a natural phenomenon of pollen abortion caused by the interaction between cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes.
In many instances, male sterility can be recovered by nuclearencoded restorer of fertility rf. Here, we show in rice oryza sativa with boro ii cytoplasm that an abnormal mitochondrial open reading. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in rice oryza sativa l. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile ir24 and ir64 using. Gene, protein, and network of male sterility in rice.
The wild abortive cms cmswa, a wellknown cms type, has been successfully applied in the commercial production of hybrid rice seeds for more than 40 years. Various types of cytoplasmic male sterility cms and environmentconditioned genic male sterility egms. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile ir24 and ir64. In rice, approximately 99% of f1 hybrid cultivars have been developed using a wild abortive type. May 11, 2016 a wildabortivetype wa cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in plants is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen. Molecular mechanism of cytoplasmicallyencoded male. The distances from rf4 to the two closest sslp markers, rm171 osr33 and rm228 were 3. The advantage in cytoplasmic male sterility cms is that the pollen in the male sterile line is aborted, while the female organ is normal. Everything you need to know about selfincompatibility and male sterility in plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect topics. Cms systems repre sent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in self pollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable. Sota fujii, mari yamada, masahiro fujita, etsuko itabashi, kazuki hamada, kentaro yano, nori kurata, kinya toriyama, cytoplasmicnuclear genomic barriers in rice pollen development revealed by comparison of global gene expression profiles among five independent cytoplasmic male sterile lines, plant and cell physiology, volume 51, issue 4. Short report open access a fertility restorer gene, rf4.
Russian dandelion taraxacum koksaghyz is a candidate species for introducing natural rubber production into north america, and its domestication is currently underway to create an economically viable crop. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicates that a core. The zygote carries equal number of chromosomes from both. A wildabortivetype wa cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice. Oct 28, 2008 rice with ldtype cytoplasmic male sterility cms possesses the cytoplasm of lead rice and its fertility is recovered by a nuclear fertility restorer gene rf1. Oct 26, 2010 the novel chimeric open reading frame orf resulting from the rearrangement of a mitochondrial genome is generally thought to be a causal factor in the occurrence of cytoplasmic male sterility cms. The expression of such orfs can, in turn, result in the phenotype of male sterility, the inability of the plant to produce functional male gametes pollen. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. Cytoplasmic male sterility, as the name indicates, is under extranuclear genetic control under control of the mitochondrial or plastid genomes. Here, we identified a gms mutant line, h 2 s, which exhibited small, white anthers and failed to. Origins of rice cytoplasmic male sterility genes cell research.
Among these regulatory networks is one involving the mitochondrion and the nucleus that affects pollen development. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms. It shows nonmendelian inheritance, with male sterility inherited maternally. Characterization and use of male sterility in hybrid rice breeding.
Gene, protein, and network of male sterility in rice ncbi. Such cytoplasmic for its mode of inheritance male sterility, or cms, is a very widespread trait in higher plants. Blast basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated that lsp1, a new. Usually the cytoplasm of zygote comes primarily from the eggs cell and due to this progeny of such male sterile plants would always be male sterile. Fertility restoration of cmsbt rice is controlled by a nuclear gene, rf1. Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility this is a case of cytoplasmic male sterility, for which a nuclear gene for restoring fertility in male sterile line is known. Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau.
Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed production. Analysis of cytoplasmic effects and finemapping of a genic. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is. In fertilization process, zygote is formed by the fusion of egg cell and one male gamete. Circular rnas circrnas are a vital type of noncoding rnas, which play crucial roles in micrornas mirnas function and post. Genetic variability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines in. The fertility restorer gene,r, is generally dominant and is found in certain strain of the species or may be tranfered from related species.
Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic male sterility article about cytoplasmic male. Nuclear male sterility is common in flowering plants, but its application in hybrid breeding and seed production is limited because of the inability. A mitochondrial targeted peptide atp21 was isolated from nicotiana encoding the. Extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility.
Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna silencing. Rice is one of the most important model crop plants whose heterosis has been wellexploited in commercial hybrid seed production via a variety of types of malesterile lines. Recently, a series of genes and proteins related to cytoplasmic male. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration ncbi. Some types of genic male sterility gms, including photothermo sensitive male sterility ptms, have been widely used in rice breeding, but the cytoplasmic effects of gms remain unknown. The exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. Development of hybrid cultivars is essential to maximize the yield potential of the species, and cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important breeding tool that can facilitate this. Uncontrolled expression of a certain mitochondrial gene often causes cytoplasmic male sterility cms in plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell.
However, the molecular mechanism underlying this kind of cytoplasmic nuclear interaction remains unclear. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male sterility encodes a mitochondriallocalized ppr protein that functions in reduction of wa352 transcripts dear editor, cytoplasmic male sterility cms, the failure to produce functional male gametes, is widespread in flowering plants kaul, 1988. Cytoplasmic male sterility summary modern commercial seeds are commonly grown using plants with cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, encoded by the mitochondrion in all known cases, results in defective pollen development. This phenotype is prevented by the presence of a fertility restorer rf gene in the nuclear genome. A mitochondriatargeted ppr protein restores pol cytoplasmic. Plant cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important phenomenon and is widely utilized in hybrid crop breeding.
Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools. Zihan liu, sha li, wei li, qi liu, lingli zhang and xiyue song abstract background. Especially elite indica cultivars ir24 and ir64 are known to be restorer lines for wacms lines, and are used as male parents for hybrid seed production. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms and nucleuscontrolled fertility restoration are widespread plant reproductive features that provide useful tools to exploit heterosis in crops. Eventually mutation at a nuclear gene may restore male fertility to individuals carrying the maternally inherited sterility factor.
A case of cytoplasmic male sterility controlled by a restoration gene rf was found in cultivated rice, oryza sativa l. The pollen sterility which is controlled by cytoplasmic genes is known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen found in numerous flowering plant species. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is. Cms is a simple and effective pollination control system, and plays an important role in crop heterosis utilization. Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male sterile. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused by a cytotoxic peptide and is restored by two related ppr motif genes via distinct modes of mrna silencing w zhonghua wang,a,1 yanjiao zou,a,1 xiaoyu li,a,2 qunyu zhang,a 2 letian chen,a hao wu,a dihua su,a yuanling chen,a jingxin guo,a da luo,b,c yunming long,a yang zhong,d. Crop science abstract genetic of fertility restoration of wa type cytoplasmic male sterility in rice view my binders. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility recunent selection is a breeding system aiming at increasing the frequency of desira ble genes and genotypes in a plant popula tion. In brassica juncea, orf288 has been identified as a cmsassociated gene in the hau cms line.
Nov 22, 2016 the germplasm resources related to cytoplasmic sterility are limited. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclearcytoplasmic interaction. Cms may be caused by mutations, rearrangement or recombination in the mitochondrial genome. Apr 11, 20 rice is one of the most important model crop plants whose heterosis has been wellexploited in commercial hybrid seed production via a variety of types of male sterile lines.
The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, the failure to pro duce functional male gametes, is widespread in flowering plants kaul, 1988. Such cmsrf systems have been successfully used for breedings of f1 hybrid cultivars. Furthermore, it will enrich the diversity of the cytoplasmic genetic resource of rice, which can avoid the reduction of output caused by rice diseases and insect pests because. Mapping fertilityrestoring genes of rice wa cytoplasmic male sterility using sslp markers 169 3. Cytoplasmic male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility is governed by cytoplasmic factors. Crystal structure of wa352 provides insight into cytoplasmic. Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic male sterility line in rice asadollah ahmadikhah, mehdi mirarab, mohammad hadi pahlevani, and leila nayyeripasand abstract cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a cornerstone of hybrid pro duction in. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms plays a crucial role in the utilization of heterosis and various types of cms often have different abortion mechanisms. The rice restorer rf4 for wildabortive cytoplasmic male. Understanding the mitochondrial genome is often the first and key step in unraveling the molecular and genetic basis of cms in plants.
Mapping fertilityrestoring genes of rice wa cytoplasmic male. Aug, 2014 the exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genomes. The dominant malesterile gene ms2 in common wheat has facilitated the release of. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes between the hau. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is caused by sterility genes in the cytoplasm which lead to the abnormal stamen and incompatible pollen. The obstacle to utilize this technique to improve selfpollinated crops is the difficulty to make random crossing for the recombina tion. Rf1 promotes processing of a cmsassociated mitochondrial rna of atp6orf79, which consists of atp6 and orf79, in btcms with the cytoplasm of chinsurah boro ii.
Markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic male sterility line in rice asadollah ahmadikhah, mehdi mirarab, mohammad hadi pahlevani, and leila nayyeripasand abstract cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a cornerstone of hybrid pro duction in many crops. The germplasm resources related to cytoplasmic sterility are limited. Cytoplasmicnuclear genomic barriers in rice pollen. Alternative cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum. Hybrid rice breeding using cytoplasmic male sterilityfertility restoration cms rf systems plays an important role in ensuring global food security. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility for. Orf220, a candidate cytoplasmic male gene associated with sterility in brassica juncea, was isolated from cytoplasmic malesterile stem mustard. Male sterility was discovered in two fullsib russian dandelion families, and additional crosses were performed to create f 2, f 3, and backcross. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration.
Hybrid rice, which was adopted in the 1970s, now covers nearly. For example, the use of hybrid rice enabled china to reduce the total amount of. Immunoblot analysis showed that the orf79 protein accumulates. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice oryza sativa l. Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. Analysis of cytoplasmic effects and finemapping of a genic male sterile line in rice peng qin1,2. Recurrent selection by using genetic male sterility for rice. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen.
Male sterile plants reduce the labor required to make hybrids, but they can cause problems for seed savers because the plants are male sterile in all succeeding generations. Cms is generally caused by aberrant mitochondrial genes that are often chimeric in structure and frequently cotranscribed with conventional mitochondrial genes hanson and bentolila, 2004. The obstacle to utilize this technique to improve selfpollinated crops is the difficulty to. Male sterility is a valuable trait for plant breeding and hybrid seed production. Development of commercial thermosensitive genic male. Mar 29, 2016 cytoplasmic male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility is governed by cytoplasmic factors. Gene, protein, and network of male sterility in rice frontiers. Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to. Cytoplasmic male sterility of rice with boro ii cytoplasm is caused. Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterility of rice. Blast basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated that lsp1, a. The inability of a plant with functional pollen to set seeds when self pollinated is called self incompatibility. Central rice research institute, cuttack, 753006 india.
A fertility restorer gene, rf4, widely used for hybrid rice. Many indica cultivars are known to carry restorer genes for wacms lines and cannot be used as maintainer lines. Wheat ms2 encodes for an orphan protein that confers male. Understanding the mitochondrial genome is often the first and key step in unraveling the molecular and genetic basis of.
Exploration of cms in the production of male sterile lines eliminates hand emasculation. Pdf the genetic and molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility. Apr 30, 2014 cytoplasmic male sterility cms is not only important for exploiting heterosis in crop plants, but also as a model for investigating nuclearcytoplasmic interaction. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of. Cms systems repre sent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable. Development of hybrid cultivars is essential to maximize the yield potential of the species, and cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important breeding tool that can facilitate this process. Apr 30, 2015 cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen found in numerous flowering plant species. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops. Includes information about the cause of the mutation, its biological. Candidate gene selection for cytoplasmic male sterility in. Hybrid rice breeding using cytoplasmic male sterility fertility restoration cms rf systems plays an important role in ensuring global food security.
The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is. Regulatory signals pass between cytoplasmic organelles and the nucleus, with profound effects on plant function. Crop science abstract genetic of fertility restoration. Cmsrestoration systems in rice have been widely used for hybrid seed production, greatly contributing to the food supply. Please view the pdf by using the full text pdf link under view to the left. Mitochondriallytargeted expression of a cytoplasmic male. Molecular mechanism of cytoplasmicallyencoded male sterility. Pdf genetics and breeding system for cytoplasmic and. Induction of cytoplasmic male sterility through radiations and chemical mutagens is one approach to developing alternate sources of male sterility for use in hybrid rice development. Cms is a condition where plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Molecular characterization and application of a novel. May 30, 2017 extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility.
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